Coin Currency

Widespread hoarding of coins and the need to divert metals toward the war effort created a shortage of coins during the Civil War. Paper tickets, stamps, and bills were frequently substituted, but the scarcity was so great that Congress authorized the issuance of "paper Coins" as a temporary "fractional currency." From 1862 to 1876, the federal government issued more than $368,000,000 in fractional currency in three to fifty cent denominations.

Chase, Philip Hartley, 1886-. Confederate Treasury notes : the paper money of the Confederate States of America, 1861-1865. Philadelphia, 1947. 148 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Language: English
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Criswell, Grover C.. Confederate and southern state currency : a descriptive listing, including rarity / by Grover C. Criswell, Jr. [and] Clarence L. Criswell. Pass-A-Grille Beach, Fla. : Criswell's, 1957. 277 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. Series title: Criswell's currency series, v. 1 Language: English
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Criswell, Grover C. The official guide to Confederate money & Civil War tokens, tradesmen & patriotic / by Grover Criswell & Herb Romerstien, Hal L. Cohen, design & editorial. [1st ed.] [New York] : HC Publishers, [1971] 144 p. : ill. ; 15 cm. Language: English
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Dwinell, Olive Cushing. The story of our money : or, Our currency and credit--its sources, creators, control, and regulation of volume and value as set forth in quotations from great American historic figures and state papers, writings, letters, historians, Congressional records, Supreme court decisions and authorities / by Olive Cushing Dwinell. Boston : Meador publishing company, [1946] 208 p. ; 21 cm. Language: English
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Hepburn, A. Barton 1846-1922. A history of currency in the United States with new chapters on the monetary and financial developments in the United States from 1914 to 1922 and a preface by Mrs. Hepburn on the author's relation to the establishment of the Federal reserve system, (Rev. ed.) New York : The Macmillan company, 1924. xxiv p., 573 p. ; 23 cm. Language: English
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Krause, Chester L.. Standard catalog of U.S. paper money / by Chester L. Krause and Robert F. Lemke ; pricing editor, Robert E. Wilhite ; special consultants, Frederick J. Bart ... [et al.] 5th ed. Iola, WI : Krause Publications, c1986. 186 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Language: English
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Morgan, James F., 1945-. Graybacks and gold : Confederate monetary policy / by James F. Morgan. Pensacola, Fla. : Perdido Bay Press, 1985. xii, 161 p., [40] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 24 cm. Series title: Southern history and genealogy series ; v. 2.
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Muhleman, Maurice Louis, 1852-1913. The money of the United States : Its character and legal status from 1793 to 1893 and its volume from 1873 to 1893 ... / by Maurice L. Muhleman. New York : The Safety valve, 1894. 72 p. : tables ; 19 cm. Language: English
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Nussbaum, Arthur, 1877-1964. A history of the dollar. New York : Columbia University Press, 1957. 308 p. ; 21 cm. Language: English
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Reinfeld, Fred, 1910-1964. The story of Civil War money. New York : Sterling Pub. Co., [1959] 93 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. Language: English
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Slabaugh, Arlie R.. Confederate States paper money : a type catalog of the paper money issued by the Confederate States during the Civil War, 1861-1865. Centennial ed. Racine, Wis. : Whitman Pub. Co., [1961] 64 p. : ill. ; 20 cm. Language: English
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Journal Articles

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Web resources

Civil War Token Society A site devoted to the history and research of Civil War Tokens.


Confederate Coins A personal site devoted to coins issued by the Confederate States of America.

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